Food Insecurity in Canada

In this blog, we will be discussing the dangers of food insecurity and its effect on Canadians. Food insecurity is an issue that remains pervasive to this day. The biggest misconception is that only third-world countries are affected. However, according to the 2024 Poverty Report Cards, 1 in 4 Canadians are suffering from malnutrition.

What is Food Insecurity?

Food insecurity when people lack access to healthy, nutritious foods. Approximately 29.6% of the population experience moderate to severe food insecurity. Apart from the negative effects on physical health, food insecurity can contribute to poor mental health as well. Not knowing how you’ll get your next healthy meal or enough food at all is stressful. This prolonged stress increases the risk of developing anxiety and depression. Food insecurity is a very real obstacle for many Canadians with low or no income.

What Causes Food Insecurity?

There are several causes and risk factors:

1. Low income

With grocery prices constantly on the rise while wages are becoming inadequate, many families find it difficult to afford healthy food. Some may only have one working adult. Others may be hit by unemployment.

2. Rising housing costs

The cost of housing has skyrocketed and even social assistance programs are no longer as helpful as in the past. The well-established housing crisis directly impacts access to food.

3. Medical bills

Those who are food insecure may have more health issues. Prescribed medications, check-ups, and hospital visits can add up.

4. Systemic racism and discrimination

Indigenous communities, racial minorities, and immigrant families are disproportionately affected by lack of access to healthy food.

5. Food deserts

These are areas where people have limited access to a variety of food. Stores may be far away and transportation costs may be too much.

Health Risks

Lack of access to food increases the risk of developing conditions such as:

• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Heart disease
• Mental health disorders

Many people who are food insecure have difficulty managing chronic illnesses because they have limited or no access to healthcare. Malnourished individuals often have trouble adjusting to recommended diets and prescribed medication. Improper use of medication can cause reinfection and even hospitalisation. 

Children and Malnourishment 

1. Increased risk of depression and anxiety

Lacking access to key nutrients can hinder the production of neurotransmitters. For example, serotonin is the mood-boosting or “pleasure” neurotransmitter. Low levels of it can lead to poor mental health.

2. Poor academic performance

Without access to enough nutritious food, children’s growing brains suffer. Malnutrition affects neuron development and neural connections. This may result in slow language development, difficulty with social cues, reduced fine motor skills, and low IQ.

3. Behavioural issues

Poor diet quality is a risk factor for mental and behavioural health disorders. A lack of nutrition causes an inadequate production of neurotransmitters, which are necessary for the regulation of a child’s mental health.

4. Growth/developmental impairment

Severe malnutrition can result in bone deformity, neurological problems, vision issues, and a weakened immune system. This is especially devastating for children and can lead to life-long health issues. 

Closing Remarks

It is important to acknowledge food insecurity as an issue in Canada in order to help these families lead better lives. As our community here at GSGF grows, we will continue to shed light on these topics about wellbeing and sustainability.